excuse

音標(biāo)發(fā)音

13世紀(jì)晚期進(jìn)入英語，直接源自古法語的escuser；最初源自古典拉丁語的excusare：ex (出，開） + causa (控告），意爲(wèi)解除控告。

excuse的基本意思是“原諒”“寬恕”,常指原諒一個(gè)人的輕微過失或疏忽,主語通常是人。引申可表示“免除”“爲(wèi)…辯解”等。
excuse一般用作及物動(dòng)詞,可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但不接動(dòng)詞不定式或從句。
excuse作“原諒”“寬恕”解時(shí),其賓語後常接介詞for表示所原諒的事; 作“免除”解時(shí),可接雙賓語,也可與介詞from搭配使用; 作“爲(wèi)…辯解”解時(shí),常接反身代詞表示“爲(wèi)自己辯解”或“說聲對(duì)不起”。
excuse作“原諒”“免除”解時(shí),可用於被動(dòng)結(jié)搆。作“爲(wèi)…辯解”解時(shí)不用於被動(dòng)結(jié)搆。作“原諒”解以名詞或代詞作賓語時(shí),可用於被動(dòng)結(jié)搆(須以人作主語); 以動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),則不用於被動(dòng)結(jié)搆。
Excuse me的意思是“對(duì)不起”“請(qǐng)?jiān)彙矊捤　场?是口語中常用的客套話,可表示對(duì)過失或失禮的歉意,也可作爲(wèi)請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許、問事的禮貌用語,還可用以表示婉言謝絕、客氣糾正等,常與連詞but或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will, would等連用。在美式英語中,Excuse me還可表示“提請(qǐng)對(duì)方重複說過的話”,而英式英語中在這種場(chǎng)郃下常用I beg your pardon?或Pardon?來表示。

excuse用作名詞的基本意思是“理由”,常指爲(wèi)自己做了不該做的事或說了不該說的話而尋找“借口”,常譯爲(wèi)“托詞”。
excuse既可用作可數(shù)名詞,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞。常用“for sth/ v -ing”作其後置定語,時(shí)有也用動(dòng)詞不定式作其定語。
excuse有時(shí)還可作“歉意,道歉”解,一般用複數(shù)形式。

We will never excuse taking innocent hostages.
我們絕不原諒釦押無辜作爲(wèi)人質(zhì)的行爲(wèi)。

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If you say that there is no excuse for something, you are emphasizing that it should not happen, or expressing disapproval that it has happened.
To excuse someone or excuse their behaviour means to provide reasons for their actions, especially when other people disapprove of these actions.
If you excuse someone for something wrong that they have done, you forgive them for it.
If someone is excused from a duty or responsibility, they are told that they do not have to carry it out.
If you excuse yourself, you use a phrase such as "Excuse me" as a polite way of saying that you are about to leave.
You say "Excuse me" when you want to politely get someone's attention, especially when you are about to ask them a question.
You use excuse me to apologize to someone when you have disturbed or interrupted them.
You use excuse me or a phrase such as if you'll excuse me as a polite way of indicating that you are about to leave or that you are about to stop talking to someone.
You use excuse me, but to indicate that you are about to disagree with someone.
You say excuse me to apologize when you have bumped into someone, or when you need to move past someone in a crowd.
You say excuse me to apologize when you have done something slightly embarrassing or impolite, such as burping, hiccuping, or sneezing.
You say "Excuse me?" to show that you want someone to repeat what they have just said.

辯解
On the function of subjective magnitude of tone, this paper divided it into 7 categories in accordance with the order from fewer to more:'Compromise','Magnitude Commentary','Excuse','Fit','Accident','Refute', and'Wish'.
關(guān)於單音節(jié)語氣副詞語氣的主觀量,本文按照語氣量值由小到大的順序,將單音節(jié)語氣副詞分七類進(jìn)行了介紹：“將就、讓步”類、量級(jí)評(píng)注類、“辯解”類、“契郃”類、“意外”類、“反駁”類和“意願(yuàn)”類。
原諒